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by Sripurna Majumdar What is a medium? For Marshall McLuhan, a Canadian philosopher who is known for his studies on media theory, medium is an extension of ourselves. Be it television, radio, books — everything in the world we see around us is a form of media. And every medium holds a content which often receives our primary attention. Whether it is the content provided by the TV channel that we see or the information written in a book that we read— the content of the medium is the thing that engages us most. However, we often fail to notice that each media form has their own message, too. In his 1964 book Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, McLuhan proposed that the media, not the content that they carry should be the focus of study. ‘The medium is the message,’ he says. The content of a medium is easily grasped. But not so in the case of its character. Let us take the example of a movie. A movie like Inception plays on different levels of reality and distorts our conception of real time. Apart from its content, the movie as a medium plays with the conceptions of speed and time— radically changing our creative worldview. Here the character of a movie rather than content introduces changes of form and scale to human perceptions and creative imagination, a point often overlooked. Further, McLuhan proposes that the content of any medium is always another medium. Thus speech is the content of writing, writing is the content of print and so on. No medium is sacrosanct; each uses and discards portions from previously existing media forms. This eventually gives rise to a new medium which in turn introduces a new scale to human affairs. ‘Remediation’ describes the ability of media to borrow, absorb, replace or adapt to other media forms. Due to the constant interaction, media is a constantly evolving entity. Now let's turn to electronic literature. Broadly speaking, it refers to any digitally born literature. Examples may include fanfictions, cellphone novels or insta poetry. In the case of electronic literatures, the concept of technology is as important as textuality. The way of production is as indispensable as the content, and thus becomes a space for textual,  artistic and technological expressions and creativity. In case of insta poetry, the overarching presence of the message of the medium becomes apparent. Its use of vintage filters, calligraphy, typewriters, hand typed pages and pre-digital objects gives rise to a sort of nostalgic aesthetic. Despite it being a digital form of literature, insta poetry evokes vibrant nostalgia for media that are now obsolete or outdated— a form of obsession for analogue media. This curious character of insta poetry of course has its own message. Instapoets ironically use the social media platform of Instagram to assert a so-called pristine, ink-and-paper notion of true poetry. This is an interesting feature of the current arena of electronic literature. The yearning for a form of media that is different from the electronic medium is apparent in the case of insta poetry. The attempt to fit the essence of hand-typed pages into the screen of gadgets is probably an essential attribute of the contemporary digital age. The medium, rather than the content, thus characterizes electronic literature, and more specifically, insta poetry. References: McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, The MIT Press, 1994. Bolter, Jay David and Grusin, Richard. Remediation: Understanding New Media, The MIT Press, 2000. Follow the author Sripurna on Instagram @sripurnamajumdar for more!

In today's ever-expanding literary landscape, finding fiction that provides not only an engaging storyline but also promotes wholesome values can be a challenge. Due to prevailing market preferences for intense conflict and drama, which can overshadow quieter, morally-driven narratives. Additionally, the subjective nature of "wholesome" values and varying cultural perspectives further complicates the search for stories that align with individual readers' criteria for positivity and virtue. However, for readers who yearn for literature free from explicit content and violence, there is a growing movement towards clean fiction. Debates about whether books with explicit content are considered a problem or not are subjective and context-dependent. It often involves a balance between freedom of expression, individual values, and age-appropriateness. Readers need a balance of clean fiction especially for young readers and teenagers, as it ensures they are exposed to content that aligns with their developmental stage and avoids explicit material that could be inappropriate and harmful. On the other hand, readers who prefer more explicit content can have significant influence on the publishing industry, literary trends, and societal discussion. They contribute to a substantial market demand for books, movies, and other forms of media that explore mature themes, including sexuality, violence, and graphic language. Works featuring explicit content often attract interest from filmmakers and television producers. Successful adaptations can further popularize the source material and wider audience, making it accessible to all ages and most likely expose the younger audience. With an emphasis on gripping narratives that steer clear of explicit material, this genre offers refreshing alternatives that appeal to readers of all ages. In this article, we will explore a selection of clean fiction recommendations that will not only entertain but also elevate the reader's spirit, fostering a sense of positivity and inspiration. So, whether you are looking for captivating stories to share with your family, seeking a break from intense themes, or simply aiming to uplift your reading experience, these clean fiction recommendations will guide you towards literary works that prioritize moral messages and celebrate the purity of storytelling. FANTASY: We Hunt The Flame Duology by Hafsah Faizal We Hunt the Flame is a captivating YA fantasy novel set in a magical world where two young warriors from opposite walks of life must embark on a perilous journey to find an ancient artifact that could save their kingdom from darkness. Zafira is a skilled hunter who disguises herself as a man in order to maintain her freedom and independence, while Nasir is a deadly assassin who does the bidding of his tyrannical father, the king. As they come together, they must learn to trust and rely on each other as they navigate dangerous terrain, mythical creatures, and treacherous villains in their quest to restore peace and prosperity to their realm. 2. The Caraval Trilogy by Stephanie Garber Caraval is a YA fantasy novel about two sisters, Scarlett and Tella, who escape their oppressive father and enter the magical world of Caraval, a once-a-year performance that takes place on a mysterious island. The sisters have always dreamed of attending, but when they finally arrive, they discover that the game is much darker and more dangerous than they ever imagined. Tella is drawn deeper into the secrets and intrigues of Caraval that she mysteriously disappears. The stakes are high as the sisters race against time to solve the game's cryptic clues and find Tella before it's too late. Along the way, Scarlett must grapple with her own insecurities and fears, while also confronting the dark secrets of her past that threaten to destroy everything she loves. With beautiful prose, vivid imagery, and a dash of romance, Caraval is a thrilling ride that will keep readers guessing until the very end. 3. Once Upon A Broken Heart Trilogy by Stephanie Garber Once Upon a Broken Heart is a captivating young adult trilogy by Stephanie Garber that follows the story of Evangeline Fox, an orphan girl who possesses an uncanny ability to heal others with her touch. One day, in her quest to find her true family, she stumbles upon the mysterious and alluring Julian, who promises to help her uncover the secrets of her past. But as she gets closer to Julian, Evangeline realizes that he too is hiding a dark past and that their fates are intertwined in unexpected ways. When the magical world of the Four Realms is threatened by a powerful curse, Evangeline and Julian embark on a daring adventure to save it, facing dangerous creatures, betrayal, and heartbreak along the way. With Garber's trademark lyrical prose, evocative world-building, and memorable characters, Once Upon a Broken Heart is a mesmerizing tale of love, loss, and redemption that will enchant readers of all ages. 4. All The Stars and Teeth Duology by Adalyn Grace All the Stars and Teeth is an epic high-fantasy novel by Adalyn Grace that takes place in an expansive world of magic and mystery. The story follows the fearless princess Amora Montara, who is destined to take over as the next ruler of the kingdom of Visidia. Though Amora is endowed with powerful magic and an unstoppable will, she has yet to prove her worthiness of the crown. In order to do so, she must pass a series of trials that will test her mettle and determine her fitness to rule. As Amora sets out on her journey, she is joined by a motley crew of allies, including a handsome rogue, a mermaid thief, and a vengeful pirate queen. Together, they must uncover the secrets of their world and confront the nefarious forces that threaten to destroy it. With its richly detailed world-building, heart-pounding action, and layered characters, All the Stars and Teeth is a thrilling adventure that will leave readers breathless from start to finish. The Inheritance Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin The Inheritance Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin is a remarkable fantasy saga that transports readers to a richly woven world where gods, mortals, and the blurred lines between them take center stage. What makes this trilogy stand out is its commitment to "clean fiction," a literary approach that doesn't shy away from exploring the raw and complex aspects of human nature and the divine. As the tale unfolds across three interconnected novels, readers are immersed in a narrative that unflinchingly examines the moral dilemmas, emotional intricacies, and multifaceted relationships between characters. Jemisin's storytelling doesn't rely on simplistic notions of right and wrong, but instead invites readers to grapple with the profound consequences of choices made by characters in this intricate and thought-provoking world. In doing so, The Inheritance Trilogy challenges conventions of traditional fantasy, presenting a compelling and refreshingly authentic portrayal of the human condition and the complexities of power, love, and identity. 5. The Riddle-Master Trilogy by Patricia A. Mckillip "The Riddle-Master Trilogy" by Patricia A. McKillip is a timeless fantasy series that enchants readers with its immersive world-building. This trilogy explores the concept of "clean fiction" by weaving together a captivating narrative that focuses on the elegance of storytelling and the profound impact of language and riddles. In this enchanting realm, the power of words and riddles is at the heart of the story. The protagonist, a young prince, must navigate a world filled with mysteries and enigmatic puzzles that hold the keys to his destiny and the fate of his land. As he delves deeper into the intricate tapestry of riddles, readers are drawn into a world where language is both a weapon and a source of revelation. "The Riddle-Master Trilogy" stands out for its commitment to crafting a narrative that is free from gratuitous violence and explicit content, allowing readers of all ages to immerse themselves in a rich, clean fantasy world. In this tale, the power of imagination and the beauty of language take center stage, inviting readers to engage in a thought-provoking and enchanting journey that celebrates the magic of words and storytelling. URBAN FANTASY: The Renegades Trilogy by Marissa Meyers In Renegades by Marissa Meyers, the story takes place in a world where superheroes known as "Renegades" have brought peace and order to society after years of chaos and anarchy. Nova, a young girl with a troubled past, has grown up in this world, and now she has a singular goal – to destroy the Renegades. Nova has witnessed the many flaws and failures of the Renegades, and knows that they are not the heroes that everyone thinks they are. Determined to get her revenge, she infiltrates their ranks and becomes one of the Renegades' own – all the while plotting to bring them down from within. Things get complicated when Nova falls for a charismatic Renegade named Adrian, even as she struggles with her own beliefs and loyalties. As the stakes get higher and the lines between right and wrong become increasingly blurred, Nova and Adrian find themselves on opposite sides of a conflict that threatens to tear society apart. With its action-packed plot, complex characters, and twisty tale of conflicting loyalties, Renegades is a thrilling ride that will have readers eagerly turning the pages until the very end. 2. Skyward Series by Brandon Sanderson In Brandon Sanderson's Skyward, humanity has been driven to the brink of extinction on a desolate planet constantly under attack from an alien race called the Krell. Spensa Nightshade, a fiercely determined young woman, dreams of becoming a pilot to defend her people and escape the ground-up prison that her world has become. However, her troubled past and her famous pilot father being labeled a coward haunt her every step. Against all odds, Spensa earns a spot in flight school, where she faces prejudice, rivalry, and a demanding flight instructor named Cobb. As she struggles to prove herself and uncover the truth about her father, she discovers an ancient ship hidden beneath the surface of her planet—a ship that may hold the key to humanity’s survival. With the fate of her people and her own journey of self-discovery intertwining, Spensa must become more than just a pilot, but a symbol of hope in a war-ravaged world. Skyward is an exhilarating sci-fi adventure filled with intricate world-building, heart-pounding aerial combat, and a courageous protagonist who must confront both her own fears and the truth about her world to find redemption and save those she loves. 3. Steelheart Trilogy by Brandon Sanderson In Brandon Sanderson's Steelheart, the world has been completely transformed by the arrival of Epics, humans with superhuman abilities who rule with an iron fist and crush any resistance. David Charleston has lived his entire life in a world ruled by Epics, and has a single goal - to avenge his father's death at the hands of Steelheart, the most powerful and invincible Epic of them all. Armed with only a handful of clues about Steelheart's weakness, David joins a group of rebels known as the Reckoners, who are dead-set on bringing down Steelheart and saving humanity. The Reckoners operate in secret, striking at the Epics' weakest points and avoiding detection - but as David becomes more involved with the group, he soon discovers that their methods are far from foolproof, and that they may be playing a far more dangerous game than they ever imagined. With his own life on the line and the fate of the world at stake, David must navigate a web of deception and betrayal to uncover the truth about Steelheart, his own true power, and the secret that holds the key to destroying the Epics. Fast-paced and action-packed, Steelheart is a thrilling tale of rebellion, revenge, and redemption that will keep readers on the edge of their seats until the very last page. 4. The Midnight Bargain by C.L. Polk "The Midnight Bargain" by C.L. Polk is a captivating historical fantasy novel that skillfully combines its enchanting magical world with an emphasis on "clean fiction." Set in a society where women's magical abilities are suppressed and marriage is the ultimate goal, this novel explores the complexities of ambition, love, and societal expectations within the confines of a clean and thought-provoking narrative. Beatrice Clayborn is determined to have it all. She yearns for a future where she can both harness her magical abilities and find true love. However, societal norms and expectations stand in her way. "The Midnight Bargain" tackles these themes with a delicate touch, avoiding explicit content while delving deep into the challenges and choices faced by its characters. As Beatrice navigates the constraints of her world, readers are invited to ponder questions of gender roles, autonomy, and personal sacrifice within a beautifully crafted, clean narrative. This novel's emphasis on clean fiction allows readers of all ages to engage with its compelling story and timeless themes, making it a memorable and thought-provoking read. 5. The Bone Season by Samantha Shannon "The Bone Season" by Samantha Shannon is a mesmerizing debut novel that not only introduces readers to a complex and intriguing dystopian world but also places a unique emphasis on the importance of clean fiction. Shannon's storytelling prowess shines through her vividly crafted universe, unique characters, and thought-provoking themes, all while highlighting the enduring power of untainted literature. Set in the year 2059, the story unfolds in the city of Scion London, a society where clairvoyants, individuals with supernatural abilities, are hunted and imprisoned. The protagonist, Paige Mahoney, is a rare type of clairvoyant known as a dreamwalker. Her ability to enter the minds of others in a dream state makes her a coveted asset in the underground criminal syndicate she works for. As Paige navigates the treacherous world of clairvoyants and the oppressive Scion regime, she becomes an unlikely symbol of resistance. Throughout the narrative, forbidden books and knowledge become powerful symbols of resistance against the oppressive regime. Clean fiction represents the purest form of storytelling, untainted by censorship or manipulation. The preservation of these stories becomes not just a literary pursuit but a form of rebellion against a government that seeks to control every aspect of society, including the written word. "The Bone Season" also touches on thought-provoking themes such as power, oppression, and the consequences of blind obedience to authority. The novel encourages readers to question the moral complexities of a society that devalues individuality and creativity in its quest for control while emphasizing the crucial role that clean fiction plays in preserving the integrity of storytelling. ROMANCE: Better Than the Movies by Lynn Painter In Lynn Painter's Better Than The Movies, teenaged Liz Buxbaum is a hopeless romantic who lives her life through the lens of classic romantic movies of the 90s and early 2000s. When her longtime crush, Michael, suddenly shows interest in her, she thinks she's found her happily ever after. But as she navigates the ups and downs of her first relationship, Liz realizes that real life is much messier than the movies. As Liz discovers more about herself and her feelings, she learns that sometimes love doesn't look like what we see in the movies and that the path to finding happiness can be filled with missteps and heartache. With a warm and funny voice, Better Than The Movies is a heart-warming coming-of-age story that explores self-discovery, friendship, and the balancing act of finding true love. 2. The Do-Over by Lynn Painter In Lynn Painter's The Do-Over, 16-year-old Emelia has the opportunity to relive the past two years of her life when she wakes up one morning to find herself back at the start of her freshman year in high school. Armed with her future knowledge, Emelia is determined to make different choices in order to change her life for the better and avoid the mistakes she has made before. However, as she navigates her way through adolescence with a new perspective, Emelia realizes that changing the past is not as easy as it seems. She must confront the consequences of her choices and consider the impact they may have on her relationships, including her budding romance with the charming and popular Aiden. The Do-Over is a thought-provoking and entertaining story about the struggle to balance the need for change and the acceptance of who we are, where we come from, and where we're heading. 3. The Bodyguard by Katherine Center In "The Bodyguard" by Katherine Center, Hannah Brooks, an unassuming Executive Protection Agent, finds herself in an unexpected role when she's hired to protect the charming but troubled superstar actor, Jack Stapleton. Jack, known for his Hollywood fame and striking looks, has been living in seclusion following a family tragedy. However, when his mother falls ill, he returns to the family ranch in Texas. There's a twist in this tale: Jack is hiding a dangerous secret—he has a relentless stalker. Desperate to shield his family from the truth, he persuades Hannah to pose as his girlfriend, a cover story that strains her better judgment. Even her skeptical ex doubts the credibility of their relationship. As Hannah and Jack navigate this high-stakes charade, a surprising connection begins to form between them. What was meant to be a professional arrangement turns into something much more real. But as the line between pretense and reality blurs, Hannah faces her toughest challenge yet: guarding her own long-neglected heart. "The Bodyguard" is a gripping and heartwarming story of unlikely love, trust, and the lengths one woman will go to protect the man she's hired to guard, while also shielding her own vulnerable heart from unforeseen emotional entanglements. 4. That Time I Kissed a Groomsman Grump by Julie Christianson In "That Time I Kissed The Groomsman Grump," clean fiction readers are treated to a delightful romantic comedy that prioritizes genuine connection and heartwarming moments over explicit content. This novel, part of the Time of Your Life series, introduces us to the charming and relatable characters, Brady and Natalie, who navigate the complexities of attraction, friendship, and family ties in a small-town setting. Brady Graham and Natalie Slater share a history as friends, but their growing attraction threatens to complicate their already interconnected lives. As the Maid of Honor and Best Man in their respective siblings' wedding, their paths become unavoidably entwined, and their chemistry sizzles with every encounter. Yet, the potential complications of their budding romance weigh heavily on their minds, especially with family dynamics at play. Natalie dreams of a future on the west coast while Brady is committed to his small-town responsibilities and secret ambitions. The tension between their desires and the promise they've made to their families forms the backdrop for their heartwarming and humorous journey. Readers of "That Time I Kissed The Groomsman Grump" can expect a captivating and entertaining story that explores the nuances of love and desire without delving into explicit scenes. Instead, the focus is on the humor, warmth, and relatable moments that make clean fiction such a delightful and enjoyable genre. In this clean romcom, love blossoms amidst family gatherings, and the spark between Brady and Natalie provides a satisfying and entertaining escape for readers seeking a clean and heartwarming love story. 5. The Flat Share by Beth O’Leary In Beth O'Leary's enchanting novel, "The Flatshare," readers are welcomed into a world where the power of connection transcends the boundaries of physical space and the importance of clean fiction shines brightly. Tiffy and Leon, two strangers facing life's challenges, embark on a unique arrangement that intertwines their lives and introduces them to the transformative magic of literature. Tiffy Moore, a quirky and endearing editorial assistant, finds herself in a dire housing situation. With limited resources and a need for a new place to live, she stumbles upon an unusual offer: sharing a one-bedroom flat with a stranger, Leon Twomey, a night-shift nurse. The catch? They'll never meet in person; instead, they'll share the same space at different times of the day. As Tiffy and Leon begin their unconventional cohabitation, the novel's emphasis on clean fiction becomes evident. Both passionate readers, they discover a shared love for literature, particularly classic novels and stories that transcend time. The flat's shelves gradually fill with an eclectic mix of clean fiction books, and the act of reading becomes a bridge that connects these two seemingly disparate souls. Beth O'Leary's novel is a delightful celebration of the connections we can form with others, even when physical proximity is not possible. It reminds us that clean fiction, with its timeless stories and universal themes, has the ability to transcend boundaries and bring people together, offering a safe and comforting refuge in a complex world. HISTORICAL FICTION: Lovely War by Julie Berry In the enchanting historical fiction novel "Lovely War" by Julie Berry, readers are transported into the tumultuous times of World War I and World War II, where the enduring themes of love, sacrifice, and the indomitable human spirit take center stage. This beautifully crafted narrative is an excellent choice for those seeking clean fiction that delves deep into the complexities of love and war while maintaining a focus on the power of the human heart. Set against the backdrop of 1917, the story introduces us to two couples whose lives become intertwined amidst the chaos of the Great War. Hazel, a talented but shy pianist, and James, a newly enlisted soldier with dreams of becoming an architect, share a profound and immediate love. However, their romance is cut short when James is sent to the brutal battlefields. On a parallel path, Aubrey Edwards, a gifted musician from the all-African-American 15th New York Infantry, is also bound for the front lines. Love is the furthest thing from his mind until he crosses paths with Colette Fournier, a Belgian chanteuse who has already endured unimaginable tragedy at the hands of the Germans. "Lovely War" weaves together the destinies of these four individuals, revealing their experiences, passions, and the sacrifices made during a time of global upheaval. Their stories are narrated by Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, in a luxurious Manhattan hotel room during World War II. Her quest to understand the age-old connection between Love and War unveils a multi-layered narrative rich in themes of prejudice, trauma, and the unifying power of music. In "Lovely War," readers will find a captivating historical fiction tale that celebrates the resilience of the human spirit and the enduring bonds of love amidst the trials of war. This novel offers a clean fiction experience that explores the depths of the heart while shedding light on the profound impact of historical events, all while emphasizing the timeless strength of love and the human capacity for compassion and connection. 2. A Very Large Expanse Of Sea By Tahereh Mafi In "A Very Large Expanse of Sea" by Tahereh Mafi, readers are invited into the life of Shirin, a teenage girl navigating the complex landscape of post-9/11 America. Shirin's world is defined by her Muslim identity, her love for breakdancing, and her choice to wear a hijab. However, it's also marked by the prejudice and ignorance she faces daily. Set in the early 2000s, shortly after the tragic events of September 11th, Shirin's life is far from typical. She's learned to build walls around herself as a defense mechanism against the bigotry she encounters. Her focus is on her passions, particularly breakdancing, where she finds solace and self-expression. When Ocean James, a charming and seemingly genuine boy, enters Shirin's life, she's initially skeptical of his intentions. She's grown used to people making assumptions about her based on her appearance and religion. But as she and Ocean connect through their shared love for music, they form a bond that transcends prejudice and societal expectations. "A Very Large Expanse of Sea" is a poignant and powerful coming-of-age story that emphasizes clean fiction values. It explores themes of love, identity, and resilience in the face of adversity, without relying on explicit content. Tahereh Mafi's storytelling shines as she delves into Shirin's journey, highlighting the importance of understanding, empathy, and the ability to see beyond stereotypes. Readers of clean fiction will appreciate this novel for its compelling narrative that navigates the challenges of adolescence and prejudice while delivering a message of hope and the enduring power of connection, making it a thought-provoking and accessible read for a wide range of audiences. 3. All The Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr "All the Light We Cannot See" by Anthony Doerr is a beautifully crafted novel that not only weaves together the lives of its two protagonists, Marie-Laure and Werner, during World War II but also exemplifies the concept of clean fiction. In a world filled with chaos and darkness, this novel shines as a beacon of literary purity. Clean fiction emphasizes the power of storytelling without relying on explicit content or gratuitous elements. Anthony Doerr's prose in this book is a testament to the notion that a well-told story can captivate readers without resorting to shock value or excessive graphic detail. Set against the backdrop of war, "All the Light We Cannot See" manages to convey the harsh realities of the time while maintaining a level of restraint that allows readers of all ages to engage with its narrative. It highlights the triumph of the human spirit in the face of adversity, the enduring power of kindness, and the profound connections that can be formed even in the darkest of times. This novel is a prime example of how clean fiction can be emotionally evocative, thought-provoking, and deeply moving without resorting to explicit content or graphic scenes. It underscores the idea that storytelling, when executed with skill and sensitivity, can leave a lasting impact on readers and transport them to different worlds while maintaining a sense of literary purity. "All the Light We Cannot See" serves as a reminder that sometimes, the most powerful stories are the ones that leave the most to the imagination, allowing readers to fill in the gaps with their own emotions and experiences. 4. The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Society by Mary Ann Shaefer and Annie Barrows "The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society" by Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows is a heartwarming novel that celebrates clean fiction, showcasing the power of storytelling in its purest form. Set in the aftermath of World War II, this novel introduces us to the charming island of Guernsey, which had endured the occupation by German forces. The story unfolds through letters exchanged between the protagonist, Juliet Ashton, a writer in search of her next subject, and the members of the eccentric Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society. As Juliet delves deeper into the lives and stories of the island's inhabitants, she discovers the resilience of the human spirit, the enduring bonds of friendship, and the healing power of literature. Clean fiction, as exemplified by this novel, emphasizes the art of storytelling without the need for explicit content or graphic themes. "The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society" beautifully illustrates that rich, evocative storytelling can engage readers on a profound level without resorting to sensationalism or unnecessary explicitness. In a world where literature can sometimes be overshadowed by shock value, this novel reminds us of the enduring charm of clean fiction. It captures the imagination and hearts of readers by immersing them in a captivating narrative while maintaining a sense of literary purity. Through the lens of the Guernsey Literary Society's letters, the book showcases the magic of words to heal wounds, forge connections, and illuminate the human experience, proving that storytelling can be both powerful and clean, leaving a lasting impact on readers of all ages. In conclusion, reading clean fiction can be a refreshing and uplifting experience, particularly for those who seek to avoid explicit content or heavy themes. Whether you enjoy romance, mystery, or historical fiction, there is a clean read out there for you. So go ahead, pick up a clean fiction book today and immerse yourself in a world of wholesome entertainment. Your mind and heart will thank you for it. Follow @sophsinclairwrites on instagram for more!

The NaPoWriMo Mini Issue is special to us for numerous reasons. It’s the first time RTS has published a mini issue. Additionally, it is also our first issue with only poetry. We were absolutely overcome with joy upon seeing the several submissions that we received, that we decided to turn what was once supposed to be a feature, to a mini issue. And that is how the NaPoWriMo Mini Issue was born. In this feature, we would like to highlight the pieces published by giving you an insight into their behind-the-scenes. We asked our contributors what inspired them to write their poems, and how they hoped others would relate to it. We hope this helps you appreciate them more, and gives you some inspiration for your own writing! You can read the lovely poems themselves inside the mini issue. Secrets by Owl Category of Poem: Tanka More Information: A few days ago, Owl wrote some notes in her phone about being weighed down by family secrets and unable to grow up like a normal person. Thence came this poem. Her Chinese name means dawn, which inspired the line about her namesake. (Truth is, she's been waiting to use her name in her writing for a while.) Instagram: @owl_writes Bio: Owl is a writer born and raised in Hong Kong. When she is not reading or writing (or drowning in school work), she is either crocheting or getting bitten by her cat. One of her goals this year is to start writing poetry. Feedback from our Editors: I love the references to the ocean and ships. you don't know the fire by A. Wheeler Category of Poem: Free Verse Poetry More Information: Instagram: @absleigh.wabsleigh.w Bio: A is renaissance person of sorts, holding a bachelors of science in neuroscience, having originated a role in a play called Prolog, and having been publicist, scientific consultant, and played Coroner Young in thepedersonproject.net short film. They also created, co-wrote, directed, co-edited, and starred in a podcast coming at the end of May called Carnivea: A Queer Gothic. They are passionate about queer storytelling and the horror genre, and more specifically the impact art can have on people. They want their art to touch people. Feedback from our Editors: I love the idea of reexamining our preconceived notions that is carried through this poem. The line about fire is my favorite. Whispers of Conquest by Leen Abdulfatah Category of Poem: Free Verse Poetry Instagram: @le06.nle06.n Bio: Leen is a remarkable individual, adeptly juggling the demands of student life with their aspirations as a poet. Their innate talent for creative writing and passion for literature allow them to craft captivating stories and poignant poetry that deeply resonate with readers. A charismatic public speaker, Leen enchants audiences with their eloquence and literary prowess. Outside the realm of words, they find joy in music's harmonies, chess's strategic challenges, crocheting's meditative art, and the comforting world of Gilmore Girls. With a spirit as diverse as their interests, Leen continues to explore new horizons, enriching the literary landscape with their unique perspective. Feedback from our Editors: I love the idea of an empire and having no symbolic power not being equal to having power or control is interesting Sing Sweet Nightingale by Kate Abrielle McCormick Category of Poem: Line Countdown Poetry More Information: TW: perhaps violence? I don't think it needs trigger warnings but just in case. There are some injury suggestions (but metaphorically if that makes sense). None of the injuries are real. I recently moved away from a very toxic, narcissistic ex friend. We had been sharing a flat (apartment) together for 2 years and she love bombed me until I was so blinded to the problems it didn't come up until I was already locked into the rental agreement. I finally get to escape and these are my emotions from that. It is heavily influenced by my favorite symbol across literature, the nightingale which often represents the passage of time, freedom, and creativity. And in the case of Oscar Wilde: a tragic hero. I believe other people will relate to this because not only will people come to leave their own toxic friendships/relationships/workplaces etc. But they will also come to feel these feelings. The relief of finally being free is a beautiful feeling and it deserved to be shown and related to. For people to say, hey that is me! I am free! Or perhaps to read it and realize they maybe ought to be free of their situation. I think this is a good fit because it was written throughout April. Each part I wrote as I came to grasp the fact that I was leaving little texts to myself and it was not written all in one go. It truly was a piece written through time, throughout April. Instagram: @the_doctors_jenny_ Bio: Kate Abrielle McCormick is a Bachelor's student studying English with Creative Writing at Queen Mary University of London. Following the Summer, she will be pursuing a Master's degree in Creative Writing. Kate is from PA and some of her works can be found either on Amazon, or in select stores within the state. She enjoys reading, writing anything from poetry to screenplays, and catching up on any of Neil Gaiman's new work! Feedback from our Editors: The feeling of newfound freedom in this piece is powerful and uplifting. It has such a musical quality to it too. Envolée Angélique by W.E. Everhart Category of Poem: Free Verse Poetry More Information: This poem delves into themes of longing, loss, and seeking solace or redemption through spiritual or celestial imagery. I was inspired to do it when I was still out of my first ever serious relationship at that time. Because I changed so much during my relationship, I questioned myself, my beliefs, and my morals. I felt lost. I felt that I didn't belong in my own culture and society anymore. I lost who and what I was, so I wrote this poem. At that time, I struggled with my beliefs and religion. So if you take notice, this poem is like a piece written by two voices: one wants to believe and head to the divine, and one morons his loss and wants to get away from it. I hope people can relate is like a piece written by two voices: one wants to believe and head to the divine, and one morons his loss and wants to get away from it. I hope people can relate in a sense of being puzzled in and out of a belief society and culture you have been all your life. Bio: Everhart is a young writer who studied philosophy, history, religion, and all things scientific in order to better understand and appreciate the beauty of our world. Through writing, he is able to paint beautiful pictures with words by creating poems and melodies that capture that beauty. Feedback from our Editors: The celestial visuals are beautiful pitiful skies by Aiyanna D. Flores Instagram: @his_Yannabearhis_Yannabear Bio: Aiyanna is a published poet from Texas but currently located in California. They are passionate about writing and want to become an independent author. Alongside being a poet, Aiyanna is a writer for both TeenCoalition4Climate and The Empowerment Paper. Aiyanna is a published poet from Texas but currently located in California. They are passionate about writing and want to become an independent author. Alongside being a poet, Aiyanna is a writer for both TeenCoalition4Climate and The Empowerment Paper. Feedback from our Editors: The sadness that comes with a necessary goodbye. I like the mood that it creates. Retour a ta fleur (return to your flower)) by Simono Category of Poem: Freestyle  Poetry More Information: It's a poem about a broken-hearted theater singer. She talks about how she sang songs about the one she loved, yet he left her for someone else. I believe my poem is a good fit because it kind of fits the 'tortured poets' theme. Instagram: @Out_of_time_yasmin Bio: Simono is an Egyptian writer who gets inspired by culture, music, and art. Feedback from our Editors:  I love how the piece is written like it is speaking to someone. An Eulogy to Love by Arabella Category of Poem: Free Verse Poetry More Information: This poem is one of those pieces which I didn't decide in advance I'd be writing. It just started with a bunch of scribbled lines, a messy and emotional rant of sorts in the middle of the night. It's about how much love can hurt if the circumstances around you do not allow you to pursue that love. It makes things hard, makes you feel like a criminal of sorts and drives you to an edge. It's the kind of pain where it's strong enough to make you feel helpless and yet it leaves you with the hope of being with this person despite all the odds, and you both agree to it. I titled it "A Eulogy to Love" because it's a sort of goodbye, a Eulogy to the love that you went through while being sort of stabbed by the thorns, be it pressure from your surroundings, or people looking down upon you, basically everything that happens in a conservative society. I think this poem is a good fit for the feature because it is a raw expression of my feelings and what I believe many people go through. I truly hope that there's other people who can understand my words and relate to them. Instagram: @arabella_1003 Bio: Arabella is the pen name of the writer. She loves writing poetry as it is one of the few activities that give her the freedom of expression and individuality; something that is restricted to her due to various circumstances. It's not only an escape, but something she believes is a part of her being. Feedback from our Editors: The imagery and metaphors in this poem are really beautiful. I love what is said in the last stanza, that wants to ignore the wrong in favor of feeling good. copy paste by Mary Antonette Riotocc Category of Poem: Prose Poetry Instagram: @worksby_toniriotoc Bio: Mary Antonette Riotoc is a Filipino writer with the phrase, “This girl can.” She embraces language and its message: be human. Excerpts of her work are on Instagram @worksby_toniriotoc. She strives for change through poetry and won the Ink Bowl Master Award in Ink Bowl Publishing's Winter Competition. Feedback from our Editors: The fact that the history makes the attraction and romance different is sweet and a powerful statement Beating Art by Maryam Majid Category of Poem: Free Verse  Poetry More Information: I wrote this poem in NaPoWriMo because I was thinking a lot about what poetry means to me during this month. It was inspired partially by a prompt for submission by @threadlitmag in the previous month titled "life as a creative". My submissions to this magazine were unsuccessful for this but I did read lots of poetry on the way we interact with our art. Also, as The Tortured Poets Department came out in April, the themes of turning our feelings into art also inspired me. Ultimately this poem explores how we can turn our pain into art and what that means for the people who read it in the future. Is the legacy of our ink only the pain swirled into it? What becomes of our pain once we imbue our poems with it - do we still feel it? I hope it is a concept that relates to many people in their poetry and art, and might find a home on this feature : ) Instagram: @maryammajick Bio: Maryam Majid is a young writer who loves writing poetry and prose that feels like the lavender haze in her veins. Her work has been published in Last Leaves Magazine, Teen Ink Magazine, the Cathartic Youth Literary Magazine, the Malu Zine, the Expressionist Literary Magazine, and the Encephalon Journal. She also volunteers as a reader for the Expressionist and a prose editor for the Malu Zine. She hopes to continue honing her craft and be a published author one day. Feedback from our Editors:  Love the play on words in the title. This poem's take on pain becoming art is very interesting. The Gift Of a Wilted Rose by frey Category of Poem: Freestyle  Poetry More Information: It was inspired by a past relationship within one of the two novels I’m writing now, although it will not be included in the novel nor will it be directly attached to it in any way — almost like a cut section or fan fiction. The main character in said book is Scarlet Tobin, a teenage girl who found herself waiting around for a boy to appreciate her and came to realise even after the fact that she was still somewhat attached to him. Instagram: @freydelrey.x Bio: An aspiring author currently writing two novels alongside bits of poetry!🤍 Feedback from our Editors: The agony and mistreatment is portrayed well, connecting both as ways of ‘romance’. Redemption by Ana Novik Instagram: @coffeecookiebook Bio: A writer from Switzerland who tries to put all that cannot be explained into words. Feedback from our Editors: I love the way the poem can be broken down into couplets that each carry a piece of the message. Melodies of Yesterday's by Aakansha Jagga Category of Poem: Nostalgia Instagram: @aakanshajagga14 Bio: Aakansha Jagga is an environmental and tech enthusiast and is into sustainable development and renewable energy. As a high school student from India, she actively engages in initiatives aimed at addressing global challenges, particularly the energy crisis. With a keen interest in environmental conservation and social impact, Aakansha strives to make a positive difference in the world through her advocacy and activism. Feedback from our Editors: The idea that the joy is in the past like it was an entirely different world, growing more vague has great detail. Torture Does Not Always Mean Hurt and Haunt by Chukwuma Henry Instagram: @dancingpen_arts Bio: Chukwuma Henry is a Nigerian pharmacist and budding poet. He likes to explore the themes of social justice and universal health coverage Chukwuma Henry is a Nigerian pharmacist and budding poet. He likes to explore the themes of social justice and universal health coverage Feedback from our Editors: This poem feels almost like a short story which is very cool. Its use of language is very poetic. i hate rainy days by Chloe D. Category of Poem: Free Verse Poetry More Information: This is based on a fictional character I'm writing and really helped me to get a sense of them. Instagram: @readlovewrite47 Bio: Chloe lives in New England, in her neck of the woods, and spends too much of her time reading and writing. She enjoys hiking and listening to underrated music. Visit her on Instagram @readlovewrite47 Feedback from our Editors: I love how the subject of the poem reveals itself as you get deeper into the poem. Things are rarely what people say they are. after i rub out the candle on my forearm instead of blowing the weak flame out by A. Deshmanee Instagram: @aar.deshmaar.deshm Bio: A. Deshmane is a queer poet from scorching Arizona. Their other work has been published by or is forthcoming in Stone of Madness Press, en*gendered lit, Catheartic Magazine, and Corporeal lit. In their spare time, they can be found wandering the desert on local hikes or wishing they owned a cat. Find them @aar.deshm on Instagram. Feedback from our Editors: I love the glorification of feelings and moments. The Smoke is Upon Us by Isabel Grace More Information: This poem was inspired by my curiosity about the impermanence of life and nature. I have attempted to set up an atmosphere that is rich in both, and then imagine how quickly it could be burned away. I think the poem is a good fit for this issue as it incorporates themes that are common in a lot of poetry (life, death, nature, loss, etc.) and may resonate with other young people who have questions about the wonder and purpose of life. Instagram: @isabel_.grace Bio: Isabel is a teenage writer, musician and art enthusiast looking to explore worldwide creative communities and find a meaningful space for her work. Feedback from our Editors: The urgency that is established in just the first line is so fun. Also love the contrast between nature and violence/death. suspended in air by Shu J. Li Category of Poem: Free Verse Poetry Instagram: @wlvshuu Bio: Shu J. Liu (they/them) is a teen writer from Canada who loves poetic storytelling, dystopia, and science fiction. When they're not writing, they can be found doodling eyes, listening to music, or watching video essays. Their work has appeared in multiple literary magazines, such as Rewrite the Stars Review, Bottled Dreams Literary Magazine, and Mosaic Lit Journal. They're on Instagram @wlvshuu. Feedback from our Editors: I love the action told and desperation in it. He is not her’s anymore by Riddha Ritajna Bharali Category of Poem: Prose Poetry More Information: Insecurity of losing your loved ones Instagram: @jstt_ridd Bio: A teenager who loves to write poems Feedback from our Editors: The mourning of a relationship combined with the confusion of what they still are is interesting. Why Must I Change The World Already? by Heetal Category of Poem: Free Verse Poetry More Information: As a rising high school senior, college admissions is all that's on everyone's mind. Is my SAT score good enough? Are my grades top-tier? Do I have great activities that will impress colleges? This poem was born out my frustration and hopelessness, as I try to compete with millions of other students around the nation for a spot in universities. I don't feel like I have anything to offer to colleges, nothing special that would make them pick me. So, my poem questions this need to do something special, do something big, in order to get into a top-tier university. What about the people who haven't done something big yet, like me? What do we do, when others' applications blow us out of the water? I think other people might relate to this because my experience with college admissions isn't unique, by a long shot. There are millions of students struggling to impress admissions officers all around the world. College admissions is a long, frustrating process, and I hope that other teens going through it can find solace in the fact that they're not alone in how they're feeling - that there are others who are struggling too, others who are not nationally-recognized athletes or child geniuses or inventors of a revolutionary vaccine or whatever, who are feeling the exact same way. And I hope that people reading this can also remember that even if they don't make it into the best colleges, they will never be not good enough. Instagram: @heetalofalltrades Bio: Heetal is an artist, musician, and creative writer who lives in Texas, USA. When she's not in school, doing homework, playing her flute, making art, or writing, she usually reads books, bakes, or spends time with her friends. She also has a passion for science, especially chemistry, astronomy, and psychology. In her creative works, she enjoys expressing the ups and downs of being a teenager in today's world. Feedback from our Editors: The subject matter is so relatable for teens! The panic that comes with being young but feeling the need to be and have done more. Flowers wrapped all around by Ellen Alfredson Category of Poem: Prose Poetry More Information: This poem is about the process of coming out, about the fear of judgment and the doubt that comes with it. It’s about homophobia and acceptance of yourself. I think about any queer person can relate to this on some level. It’s really deeply personal to me, but I’m sharing it because I think it’s important and so real. Instagram: @elle.alfredson Bio: Ellen Alfredson is a fifteen year old writer from Sweden who writes poetry and fiction. She is currently working on a book. She believes that writing is her passion, and Virginia Woolf is one of her big inspirations. She is just starting to get her work out into the world and is published in two issues of Rewrite The Stars Review, but also in The Fig Tree, The Malu Zine and more. Feedback from our Editors: The profoundness and intensity of this piece is great, especially when you compare the words with the flowers. Scars on my skin by Solandis Category of Poem: Free Verse Poetry More Information: I wrote this poem, when someone toxic was a major part of my life and I would do anything to keep the person with me as I was too scared to be lonely. After I finally let the person go, I wrote this poem thinking about my past. As I mentioned before, when I can't let something of my mind, I write about it. This poem is also a part of my history and the pain. It talks about love, pain, and sacrifice. It's about people willing to do anything for love, even hurting themselves. Teenagers like me, can relate because we often feel intense emotions and sometimes do things we wouldn't normally do and shouldn't do all in the name of love.The poem shows how love can make people feel like tearing themselves apart for others but also how we want to rebuild themselves to be loved. It talks about scars from love and how they can be seen as beautiful. Teens might relate because they've felt the pain of love and the desire to be loved deeply. Instagram: @delicatelydarkly Bio: Solandis, a 17-year-old poetess hailing from India, has been weaving words into verse since the tender age of 13. For her, poetry serves as both an escape and a mode of expression; when words fail, her pen unfailingly articulates the unsaid. As Virginia Woolf once mused, "Lock up your libraries if you like; but there is no gate, no lock, no bolt that you can set upon the freedom of my mind." With each stanza penned, Solandis unlocks the gates of her imagination, inviting readers to explore the realms of her poetic prowess. Feedback from our Editors: The strength in this narrator's devotion, however harmful it may be to them, makes this poem very compelling. The sentiment behind it is very relatable to people in toxic relationships. moment of memory by Bethany H. Watson Category of Poem: Free Verse Poetry More Information: This poem was inspired by the Escapril prompt "childhood memory." It's about a rather mundane but concrete memory I have from my childhood. While the poem includes the specific details I remember of it, I think it's the general feeling of childhood freedom, joy, and safety instilled in those details that are why it's stuck with me all these years. I think others will be able to relate to this feeling of intense nostalgia instilled by a partial memory. Instagram: @sparrowhawke_writes Bio: Bethany H. Watson is a young writer and poet from Southern California. She draws poetic inspiration from song lyrics, classical mythology, and the yearning infused in a warm breeze. You can follow her on Instagram at @sparrowhawke_writes and find more of her poetry and musings on life at surfacingpurpose.substack.com. Feedback from our Editors: I love the relevation being made of the memory. thoughts of a daughter by Ray Shubert Category of Poem: Free Verse Poetry More Information: It was inspired by a past relationship within one of the two novels I’m writing now, although it will not be included in the novel nor will it be directly attached to it in any way — almost like a cut section or fan fiction. The main character in said book is Scarlet Tobin, a teenage girl who found herself waiting around for a boy to appreciate her and came to realise even after the fact that she was still somewhat attached to him. Instagram: @down_the._.rabbit_hole Bio: Ray Shubert is a teen writer from Utah. She is very inspired by gothic literature and loves nothing more than writing and a good book. Feedback from our Editors: It's a really lovely tribute to/examination of mother-daughter relationships. Spiral by Callisto Arabell Category of Poem: Free Verse Poetry More Information: This poem was inspired by the prompt “spiral” and is based on a women who is facing depression but is still hung over her breakup Instagram: @callisto_arabell Bio: Callisto Arabell is a sixteen year old poet and writer. She started writing poetry from the age of 12 and started writing from a very young age. Callisto is also very passionate about music and reading. Feedback from our Editors: I love the slight bitterness that comes through at the end, the narrator has other things to worry about but can't help but be overtaken by the subject. More by B. McKenzie Category of Poem: Free Verse Poetry More Information: I was inspired to write this poem at 4AM during finals week. I was burnt out from so many different creative projects and struggling with insomnia. I decided to journal my feelings of creative frustration and turned it into a poem. Instagram: @bmckenziewrites @bmckenziephoto Bio: B. Mckenzie is a writer, photographer, and autism advocate. When she is not writing scripts and poems or taking photos, she enjoys cosplay, drawing, and petting her pet cat Ivy. She is currently working towards a bachelor's degree in Digital Media and Film Studies. Feedback from our Editors: A powerful message in such few lines and the repeating is a nice touch. Spiral by Callisto Arabell Category of Poem: Free Verse Poetry More Information: This poem was inspired by the prompt “spiral” and is based on a women who is facing depression but is still hung over her breakup Instagram: @callisto_arabell Bio: Callisto Arabell is a sixteen year old poet and writer. She started writing poetry from the age of 12 and started writing from a very young age. Callisto is also very passionate about music and reading. Feedback from our Editors: I love the slight bitterness that comes through at the end, the narrator has other things to worry about but can't help but be overtaken by the subject. the necklace by Sasi Kondru Category of Poem: Rhyming Couplet More Information: This poem is about a necklace that has now worn out and is no longer used. I feel like lots of people take lots of things for granted (like necklaces) instead of looking at their memories, and they easily replace these objects even if they have some sentimental value. What inspired me to write is was when I was helping clean my house for a party and lots of things with value to me that I had memories with were being thrown out. I believe it's a good fit because it's a recent piece based on a recent event! Thank you so much for considering it! Instagram: @aid4need_4 Bio: Sasi is a junior who loves to write short stories and even shorter poems! She aims to write about her current feelings and general life! She has been published in several magazines, including Evanescent Magazine, Petrichor Gazette, and Catheartice Magazine! In her free time, she likes to take long walks and play video games! Feedback from our Editors: The line ‘what used to gather memories now gathers dust’ is beautiful. The night sky is a library by Kaidence Moss Instagram: @draculalax Bio: Kaidence Moss is a young poet who loves fairytales and mythology. Feedback from our Editors: Simple but sweet! It creates some lovely visuals and is a love letter to poetry. Follow these writers for more and read their writing here!

Have you ever wanted to act out a story but you just can’t seem to get them to understand the idea behind it? Fear not, you have a tool at your disposal in these situations, the art of screenwriting. Screenwriting is a tool that allows you to convey your ideas and put them on paper in a format that can provide major details in regards to the production of a film or video, such as camera angles or an actor’s expression whilst speaking a line. It can easily get an idea across to everyone effectively. What is Screenwriting? Screenwriting is the art of turning stories into screenplays, also known as movie scripts. A screenplay is a document that consists of acting and scene directions that are the blueprints for a movie. Before diving into the specificity of a screenplay, let’s take a look at the basics of screenplay writing. What is standard screenplay formatting? Here are some of the basics that should be incorporated into your screenplays: 12-point Courier font size 1.5 inch margin on the left of the page 1 inch margin on the right, top, and bottom of the page Each page should have approximately 55 lines The dialogue block starts 2.5 inches from the left side of the page Character names must have uppercase letters and be positioned starting 3.7 inches from the left side of the page Page numbers are positioned in the top right corner with a 0.5 inch margin from the top of the page. The first page shall not be numbered, and each number is followed by a period. Now let’s dive deeper into the structure of a screenplay. Many screenplays begin with a transition, one of the most popular ways to start a screenplay is with a transition word like FADE IN. Scene Headings and Subheadings The scene heading is there to help break up the space the scene takes place in and give the reader and production team an idea of the story’s geography in relation to a scene. You will use the abbreviation INT. for interior spaces and EXT. for exterior spaces. Then add a little description of the setting, and then the time of day to complete the heading. Here is an example: INT. OF Crystal’S DORM ROOM - UofC CAMPUS - DAY Notice how the heading is mostly all capitalized except for the name of the university. This is so that the reader can distinguish that it was meant as University Of Cameroon rather than UOFC. Also make note of the hyphens used to separate the individual pieces of information, such as where it separates the specific setting from the general location and the time of the place. Should a scene involve the setting being moved from inside to outside or vice versa, you can use INT/EXT. or EXT/INT. But more generally, a subheading will be used to indicate that the setting had changed within the scene. Here is an example of the use of a subheading. The example shown is a snippet of a script: FADE IN: 2 INT. OF HIGH SCHOOL - MORNING 2 WE OPEN at a high school in a city. The front gates of the school are filled with students entering the school. We glide into the school through the front gates and stop in front of guy. JAKE (17), A cheerful and humorous soul. He’s a normal high school student with a little above average grades. Dressed with a blue tee and chino pants with a black leather belt. He wears a Black Nike backpack. HALLWAY He walks through the hallway towards his next class, Calculus, when he bumps into Virginia, one of his best friends. Take note on how the alignment on the heading and subheading is the same. Also, the number next to the heading is typically used to show how many characters are in a scene. Transitions The bottom right of the page is used for transitions. The use of transitions have been used less in modern screenplays, typically only seeing them at the beginning and end of a script. The most popular transition words are CUT TO: and FADE OUT. Here is an example of how transitions are used: FADE IN: 2 INT. OF HIGH SCHOOL - MORNING 2 Jake begins to COPY the answers down onto his own paper. Shortly after, a loud DING sounded at the beginning of the class period. Jake then RETURNS the paper to its rightful owner. VIRGINIA If you need my help again, don’t Be afraid to ask me. I am smarter than you after all. JAKE True. FADE OUT. This also showcases how one could begin and end a screenplay with using FADE IN: and FADE OUT. Character Introductions When you introduce a character in a screenplay, you want to use all capital letters for the name of the character, then their age in parenthesis, and finally some information about their personality traits. An example would be: JAKE (17), A cheerful and humorous soul. He’s a normal high school student with above average grades. Dressed with a blue tee and chino pants with a black leather belt. He wears a Black Nike backpack. Actions And Dialogue Action lines are where you describe the visual and audible actions that take place on screen. You want to write in the third person in the present tense. You can make your script a better read by eliminating redundant pronouns and conjunctions. Big noises and important objects can be written out in all caps to emphasize their effect on the story. Here is an example of an action line being used: Virginia took off her BOOKBAG and placed it on the ground. She then unzipped the biggest pocket and proceeded to take out a sheet of paper. She then holds it out in front of Jake. Here is an example of a big noise being used: Jake begins to COPY the answers down onto his own paper. Shortly after, a loud DING sounded at the beginning of the class period. Jake then RETURNS the paper to its rightful owner. Dialogues follow special formatting to make it stand out in a script. This is so that voice actors and actresses can see their lines more easily. Here is an example of a dialogue. VIRGINIA If you need my help again, don’t Be afraid to ask me. I am smarter than you after all. JAKE True. Extensions and Parentheticals Extensions happen when a character says something off-screen (O.S.), or if dialogue is a voice-over (V.O.). You will see extensions when a character ends a block of dialogue, performs an action, and speaks more. An example of extension placement is right next to a character’s name in a dialogue block. Parentheticals follow the same formatting and are also inside the dialogue. Parentheticals show small actions, or even a change in mood without having to jump out to an action line. An example would go like this: VIRGINIA (V.O) WE should hang out afterschool! We can netflix and chill at my place. Screenwriting Samples Now that you’ve gotten a lot of the fundamentals of writing screenplays. Here is a Sample Script for you to reference and see how each element is utilized in a script.

Issue VII: Arcane Arcades was a one-of-a-kind issue for RTS focused around games and entertainment. We were absolutely floored by the submissions we received, and it was incredibly difficult for us to choose our contributors. Ultimately, we chose the pieces that best fit the theme and the kind of work we published. Today, we'd like to further highlight the pieces published by giving you an insight into their behind-the-scenes. We asked our contributors what inspired them to write their pieces, and how they hoped others would relate to it. We hope this helps you appreciate the pieces more, and gives you some inspiration for your own writing! You can read the lovely pieces themselves inside Issue VII. Note: Their social media handles are also listed in brackets if you want to support them. Poetry Prose Creative Non-fiction POETRY Christopher Arkwright - Pokémon is my faith in humanity I was sitting in the car, on a long road trip, thinking about power. Everyone wants the power to have people bow down before them, build great monuments in their name, be truly special. But in dictators and rulers alike, the truly unreachable, magical power, has always been the greatest allure. The power to fly, breathe fire or use magical weapons in combat. That led me to the realisation that in fact, most people do enjoy those dreams of power. But it isn’t they who have it, it’s Pokémon! In Pokémon, you are still a weak and feeble human, yet so many are obsessed with the magical power of the creatures they can tame. For me, this was nice thought, a realisation which (at least for that afternoon) restored my faith in humanity. I wanted to share that feeling with other people, so I wrote it down. Devon Webb - NPC (@devonwebbnz (Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, Bluesky)) 'NPC' is about a lack of autonomy & effective communication in romantic attractions, using an NPC (non-playable character) metaphor to portray the idea of being reduced to a repetitive insignificance in somebody else's story, even when you view yourself as a protagonist. E. S. Merritt - Game of Hearts (@e.s.merritt) My piece is inspired by the game of romance that people play when in a relationship. This poem was inspired by a situation I went through, where one person in a relationship is looking for something fun and flirty, while the other is looking for something more serious. Teens will relate to this, as the teenage years are when people experience their first love and heartbreak, and many teens have probably been in a relationship like this. E.J.M - The Game of Being A Teenage Girl (@ella_writesbooks_) My piece is about the teenage girl experience and how it compares to a game such as Tetris. Tetris is a game that mathematically, you can't win. It will keep going forever and ever. This is similar to the average teenage girl experience because no matter how hard you try to change yourself to seek the approval of others, there will always be someone who hates on you and you can't please them. What inspired me to write this poem is the game of Tetris. You can never become the winner of it since it's a never ending game much like trying to please people as a teenage girl. Other people can relate to this because many individuals (especially teenage girls) have felt pressure or the yearning feeling to change themselves in order for people to like them more. Many individuals can understand how it feels to rearrange yourself to be 'perfect' and have people still not think that it's enough. This poem would be a good fit for your magazine because it's a teen magazine and unfortunately, it is common for many teenagers go through the experiences mentioned in the poem. Hopefully, when people read my poem, they will finally know/understand that it's okay to be yourself because there will be people who like you and they shouldn't change themselves because that will only lead to their own unhappiness. Ellen Alfredson - I am no expert at chess (_ellen.alfredson) In ”I am no expert at chess” the ”Chess game” is compared to life, or rather life in the social world. It’s about norms and how it’s all a game with rules you have to follow about how you act, communicate, look, and your sexuality etc. The chess game is a metaphor for social life as the base of the entire poem. It’s about struggling to fit into heteronormative society and more. It relates to the theme of ”games” because the chess game is the metaphor that is the base of the whole poem. The title, ”I am no expert at chess” means exactly what it sounds like. Struggling with playing the part right and living up to people’s, or maybe one’s own expectations. I think many people can relate to feeling this pressure around other people. A fun detail is that chess is usually black and white, just like the straight ”flag”, which connects back to the title, ”I am no expert at chess.” Ila S - Open Settings? (@ila.writes7) I was inspired by the description of the theme "Games" for this issue, really. The idea of "moments [I'd] never get back again" struck my heart, as gaming is something that I've slowly given up on over the years. I got back into gaming with "The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom" and Minecraft this summer, and it felt like meeting an old friend again. When I heard the theme, I also thought of a song from an artist I listen to, Madilyn Mei. She wrote a song called "Have I Outgrown Minecraft?", and that song greatly inspired "Blocky Heart". Overall, games hold a place close to my heart and childhood, and it was enjoyable to think about this theme in terms of poetry. I feel as though other people have also given up on things they enjoy over the years, and I hope that this issue might have them considering going back and enjoying old hobbies, too. "Open Settings?" is meant to be a poem based on the escapism aspect of gaming. It's about not having to worry about the real world or real-life issues when you game, and how bitter it can be when you have to move on or focus on real life again. The second poem, "Nintendo Switch Controllers" is about how gaming is one of the ways I connect and bond with my dad. The first poem, "Blocky Heart", is based on Minecraft. As a kid, I would play it during the summer on my old PS4. I had nothing else to do and nobody to really talk to, so I just made a few pet dogs for myself and pretended I was somewhere else. M.S. Blues - where a kid can be a kid (@m.s.blues_) This piece corresponds with the theme of "games" because it discusses how games at ChuckECheese evoke past memories in me - and what that signifies in my life. I recently did a presentation on youth and perserving childhood memories. Later on that day, I was considering my own memories and that's what sparked my idea. I know people will relate to this piece because it'll make them revisit their own memories and perhaps reflect on how that has shaped them into who they are today. MG - Doll House (@melifluousgelatoo.writes) Doll House is a poem I wrote after the inspirations strike me when I saw one of my friends talk about the play pretend games that little kids used to play. However, the idea has existed for quite some time. I love observing humans, the world, and the system. And through it I notice things that not many talks about, like how we are all not so different from puppets on a string. Some of us may think we're the ones holding the string like we used to with dolls when we were young, but it doesn't matter if we're a commoner or royalty, a worker or a boss, a student or a teacher, a parent or a child, we are all bound by strings that force us to move. Often in the direction we didn't want. I've seen many people miserable because of it, more so because we didn't know these strings exist and who's pulling it. How many of our thoughts are our own? How many of our actions are our own? We may think all of it, but in reality it is very little if not none. A lot of our miseries in life are a carefully planned one. Those set in stone long before we're even born, invisible to most to ensure nobody mess with it when we do have the power to, if only we know. To many of us, the one pulling the strings are another human being. A guardian, a boss, or those we haven't even met before, those sitting at the top of the societal system. To many of us, the one pulling the strings aren't even tangible things. Greed, love, hate, insecurity, envy. These things grow stronger the more we deny or ignore its existence. We can't beat an enemy we don't even know exist, can we? So sit, take a deep breath, and see who's pulling your strings and where exactly were you bound with it. Only then can you cut it, in a way that hurts you the least. Miguel Barrios - After Tag (@Mmiguelbarrios (Instagram), miguelcbarrios (X)) My piece describes a unique relationship to games that kids of my age can likely remember. That being the transition of relying only on the outside for games and playtime to beginning to mix in games from smart phones and tablets. We were around during the inception of games like Minecraft and Roblox and are the first to have had their childhoods filled with the opportunity play them. I find that very interesting. I was never a kid who played sports. The ability never came naturally to me, and sometimes that was a bit annoying for me. But my cousins and I always had fan playing in the backyard of my Tias house, and then the time would come where we would move to Minecraft or Roblox. I think many people who were children during the same time as me can relate to how excited they were when their parents finally let them get Minecraft or Roblox and how much fun they had building whatever they wanted with their friends and family. I think that Rewrite the Stars, as a publication for young writers like myself, is the perfect place for this piece as our childhoods are the most unfamiliar of any generation yet. All generations before us were more similar than ours. This poem reflects the distinct nature of our childhoods and our stories. Nabiha - Nostalgic Nights (@echoes.inink) It shows how that game is an important memory and how it created a bond among a few people. People can relate to this since during covid when this game was pretty popular, people spent hours with their friends on it and then everyone got busy so they drifted apart and those nights just became memories. This used to be my favourite game and hence I decided to write about it. Also it can be a good fit for the magazine since i think it’s relatable. Nitika Sathiya - Rummy (@nitika._.s) Rummy is about how I played Rummy with my grandparents, which brought us closer together. I was inspired to write Rummy because of the familial connection aspect. I love reflecting on my relationships with my loved ones through poetry. Phoebe B.H Mercury - Monopoly (@spitewantsmealive) It is an allegorical poem that dives into the theme of moving forward in life, by making connections to the game Monopoly. Just like how the pawns are forced to move forward, so are we and even if we are met with failure at some point, we can always start over. This poem may bring hope to the people who are often feeling down because of the failures that life may bring from time to time. Robin Pearson - Snakes and Adders (@rob1n_pearson) This poem explores wordplay with games, but also how life is sometimes confusing, with too many rules in a complicated format. It looks at the difficultly some people have playing as a larger metaphor for making no progress compared to others and how the narrator always seems to ‘lose’.I think it’s insight into human interpretation - how people might read the same set of ‘rules’ yet draw completely different outcomes. My poem is a light dig into the frustration of losing, but also how convoluted and difficult playing the game of life can be. This piece was inspired by my own experiences as a neurodiverse individual, and the difficulties I sometimes face comprehending all the rules of convention. This piece is special to me as it explores frustration with failing to advance whilst others seem to thrive, but simultaneously the fascination with ‘why people do what they do.’ I hope others can relate to the struggle of fitting in, and that they are not alone in feeling left behind. W. E. Everhart - Digital Odyssey: A Gaming Journey (@w.e._everhart_290) The poem, as I see it, incorporates not only the meaning of gaming, the start of it, and what gaming is basically, but it is also an image through humanity as a species. Gaming has always been apart of humanity. It helps us imagine a world out there where dreams, hopes, and imagination rule. A world where the struggle of good and bad is but a map ahead waiting to be discovered. A child can overcome his fears in that world, and an adult can learn to adapt to the ever-changing world. This piece, as I would like to say, shares the experience I shared with every human from the dawn of humanity till this day, from all the way when we used to play with sticks and rocks. Gaming is not just a hobby; it is a way for us humans to state to the world, “I am here, I can accept you, and I have lived for thousands of lives to understand, accept, and coexist with you.” No matter how dull and lonely the world gets, gaming shows us that the simplest of things can help us and change us. As humans, dreams are nothing but caged reality waiting to be untied. Freed from this cage, we call out imagination, and what gaming does is open that cage so this reality and ours can coexist, exchange information, and learn from one another. For my inspiration to make this peace, it wasn’t anything. Wow, really. I have always grown fond of adventures and stories, and gaming really helped me with this. Imagine watching a movie that finishes with a conclusion, but for you, it is not enough. There were actions and changes you wanted to make, and bam, you suddenly can do it all in that small room you rest in. I was inspired, to be honest, by music and my maladaptive daydream. I hope that not just teens but kids and adults will be able to relate to the experience of gaming and see how important it is. I would say that as humans, we always had that shared experience, and that shared experience can be seen clearly in gaming. Z. Hutchings - Survive -- Stay Alive, Winner Takes All, The beauty of a game (@zaida.hutchings) I am submitting three pieces. The first two are directly inspired by videogames and the last one is inspired by card games. When people feel lost, a game is a great way to find yourself. If you aren't careful, it is also a way to lose yourself. Life is a balance, and it is about finding a way to keep yourself safe and alive. I hope people can resonate with my pieces and find comfort in them. We are in this game together. The most memorable games in my life were adventure games that took the reader on a journey, such as Skyrim and Undertale. They were about strength-- both mentally and physically. It was this feeling I wanted to put into my piece. It isn’t always a black and white story, and sometimes life is hard. Sometimes people leave scarred and bruised, and the only thing left to do is survive. Survive mental health, unsafe living conditions, or just survive the ever changing world we live in. PROSE Adia Reynolds - 8-bit Arachnid (@cryptic.cryptid.writes) Aside from the emotional themes of the story, it also centers around the game Minecraft and primarily one of the mobs in the game - the spider. The opening line is a quote I said to a friend during a conversation about Minecraft. She stated how much she hated fighting the monsters and I regaled how I used to try to keep them as pets even if they aggro'd to me and tried to kill me. It is a story about youthful insecurity and self-perception as well as an unabashed love for one's interests. Alice - Game Over (@aliceswips on Instagram and TikTok) The core question behind this piece is: how does a person who organises everything in detail react to unforeseen events? I had the idea after watching videos of people who structured their lives (tasks, school assignments, etc.) like missions in videogames. I liked the concept straight away, but I realised that this, along with strict timetables in general, doesn't really leave any room for unexpected events. So, what happens when someone's life is organized as a videogame? Ander Miftari - Blind Man's Buff (@anteetum) I couldn't think of anything good that mapped onto a specific game, so I went a little more abstract and wrote something about the power games people play between eachother as children (well, their whole lives, really. But children in this case) and was able to tie that back conceptually to the prompt. I don't know how rigidly we had to stick to the theme. This piece in particular was inspired by a guy I actually knew growing up. He was into almost exactly the same kind of weird power games featured in the story and was in fact worse than the relatively toned-down character of Junior (he claimed to have a brother in the Hell's Angels who sold drugs and would often say he could have us beaten up for snitching on him, stupid in hindsight but terrifying to children who don't know any better). He was not the only one, but the memory of interacting with him in particular as a young child of about 11 or 12 was what inspired this examination of just how awful children really can be to each other, given the right prodding. I honestly don't know how much people will enjoy it, although I can say for certain that you definitely should avoid it if you are sensitive to children being harmed and bullying in general. Arianna Kanji - Inhumanity 101 (@ari.kanji) This story does not follow the strict conventions of grammar and story. It is, in essence, a piece of prose written by a poet, or perhaps a poem written by somebody who has very little idea what they are doing. It combines perspectives and points of view, repeats words for nothing other than emphasis, switches between distaste for a ruined society and a plea to be accepted in the way that others so easily are. It has no backbone other than the wayward thoughts of an eight year old child sitting in a pink bed with a fluffy pen and a makeshift point system, and it has no logic to it other than the fourteen year old child sitting in that same bed, with that same pen and that same point system, struggling to understand what game they’re supposed to be playing. It took the concept of games and twisted it inside out, dumped it on its head, ripped apart every thread and wore it as a hat instead. But then again, for somebody writing about the experience of being just a little bit stranger than their peers, that behavior fits pretty well. This piece would be a good fit for your magazine because it is the unfiltered, experimental thoughts of a person who’s still scared of raising their hand in class. And after all, haven’t all writers been rather crudely told that their dreams are nothing but fantasies in the cruel game that is life, and spent the rest of their years wondering who decided to write such unfair rules? Zara Pearce - The Game of Life (@shes_zarapearce) A fun twist on the board game; The game of life. I was inspired to write this because I thought it could be fun to experiment with how some people treat games like they're real life. CREATIVE NON-FICTION Georgia Hope - 51 Standard (Minus an Ace) (@georgia_02132) My essay discusses how card games allowed me to be more present and involved with my friends, while improving my mental health at times when I find school to be overwhelming. (ie the use of games as an escape and coping mechanism.) I think the issue of student burnout is something that's almost universally experienced in all levels of academia. I would imagine that many readers of this magazine are likely in high school, about to make this transition to university, or are currently attending it. I've found that games have turned into one of the many tools I used to relieve stress and construct some method of school/life balance which might help readers find a similar approach that works for them. Follow @rewritethestarsreview on Instagram for more information about upcoming issues.

by Milica Filipovic In the last few years, teen writers from all over the globe have joined together to celebrate their love for their work. We’ve created a community across multiple social media platforms where young writers can bond over their mutual passion. However, with the rise of this new friendship, writers have begun to share their harsh experiences with battling the expectations set for their work. Whether through their own consciousness or the words of more experienced adults, it is clear that pressure has been placed on our backs to churn out work that aligns with society’s standards. As we begin to delve further into our skills and develop writing styles, it is evident that each person’s abilities are unique to its own strengths and weaknesses. These differences are what make our writing enjoyable and makes it stand out. As of late, the idea of fancy and elegant prose has been credited as a superior form of writing. While each type has its own faults, we have placed one on a pedestal and cast aside the others. This leaves us with one peculiar question: Why do we equate fancy writing with good writing? As a part of this community, this is a question I have pondered rather often. In my case, there is a folder of abandoned stories lying on my desktop that haunt me each time I open my laptop. These works once had my heart, their characters thriving in the depths of my mind, but I left them in the folder to rot. All because I had drilled the idea of my writing not being “fancy” or “professional” enough to be worth finishing. This mindset is what ultimately discourages writers from ever fulfilling their dreams. If we let this mentality slip between the folds of our safe space, we are contradicting the concept of a supportive and healthy community that we have worked to reach. Alas, not all hope is lost. There are a few ways we can make sure this mindset does not halt our creative flow. The first of which seems the easiest but takes a lot of stamina. Simply limiting distractions from your work space. Whether this means placing your phone in another room or only having your writing tab open, do it. By giving yourself only the choice to write, you are practically forcing your mind to do what it has become afraid of. Another possible solution would be to share your work. This strategy takes more courage than the former because it can be scary to expose such a personal part of yourself to others. Nonetheless, if you have online writer friends, it is almost guaranteed they will be ecstatic to offer their support. It is highly unlikely they will criticize your writing. By seeing how someone else admires your work, you will realize who you’re writing for and why it’s important. Finally, it might be best to take a temporary break. If writing has become too much pressure on you, taking a break is vital. You won't be any less of a writer for not writing 24/7. It is perfectly fine and even necessary to relax your mind and let ideas flow around. Reflecting will help you remember why you started and why you want to continue. We must remind ourselves that our stories are worth sharing with the world. If you love your plot, your world, your characters, then go write. If you have a message to shout, do it the way you do best. Fancy writing can be good, but not all good writing is fancy. Remember that there are people who want to hear your story the way you intended to tell it, and that is the only thing that matters.

The thrilling escape from reality, the rush of adrenaline, and an invite to the world of psychological thrillers where each step will make you question everything you’ve ever learnt. We humans have always had a morbid fascination with and curiosity about violence and calamity. We are all used to a routine, a set pattern of line and human behaviour, and have an adverse reaction when there is a disturbance in that pattern. What happens when this pattern is disrupted? This is demonstrated in physiological thrillers. The origins of psychological thrillers can be traced back to the early 20th century, with the works of authors such as Edgar Allan Poe, H.P. Lovecraft, and Daphne du Maurier setting the stage for the genre. These writers introduced themes of suspense, mystery, and psychological tension into their stories, paving the way for the psychological thrillers that would follow. In the mid-20th century, filmmakers like Alfred Hitchcock popularised the genre with classic films such as Psycho and Vertigo, which featured intricate plots, morally ambiguous characters, and elements of psychological manipulation. These films captured the imagination of audiences and established the blueprint for modern psychological thrillers. These stories often provoke deep emotional responses and cause thought-provoking discussions about human nature, morality, and the darker aspects of the human psyche. It stimulates a part of the brain that is rarely stimulated  by setting off chemicals that make us feel euphoric and leaves an addictive, heady feeling in its wake. This leads to a compulsive need in most of us – a need to examine broken behavioural patterns, and to take an adrenaline ride through the twists and turns of crime fiction, fascinating us all with the genre. It gives us the opportunity to step into the shoes of a detective, delving deep into the psyche of characters, anticipating their every move. We slowly unravel the thoughts, emotions, and hidden depths of human nature, revealing facets rarely seen in our day-to-day lives. It's a journey into the human mind, shedding light on its mysterious and often shadowy corners. Statistics have shown that people’s obsession with the genre scares them; they wonder if there is something wrong with them. However, that is not so. Psychiatrists opine that, far from being criminally inclined, those who read about crime are generally people with a high empathetic factor. Psychiatrists go on to say that their interest in crime fiction is often driven by a strong sense of morality and justice as they navigate themes of right and wrong while reaffirming their own values. Their fascination with crime blossoms from a compassionate curiosity about the human condition than a fascination with criminal acts themselves. However, there are also certain negative aspects to consider when discussing the addictive nature of psychological thrillers. Some critics argue that these stories can glorify violence, promote harmful stereotypes, and desensitise audiences to real-world trauma and suffering. There has been a rise in anxiety levels, sleeplessness, depression levels, listlessness, and withdrawal from surroundings. This constant exposure to suspenseful or terrifying scenarios can heighten one's sense of paranoia and anxiety, especially when the content blurs the line between fiction and reality. It is important to critically analyse the ethical implications of consuming media that exploits fear and manipulation for entertainment purposes. Although reading and watching true crime and thrillers is entertaining, it should be done within limit by respecting the age ratings as some content may be too graphic or heavy on readers, unknowingly affecting their daily life. Another necessity would be to consult an experienced professional when any problem arises. It is important to keep our mental health and well-being our priority. This can be kept within moderation by taking breaks from the books and balancing this content with some positive and lighthearted content. References : Vinita Dawra Nangia, Why are we obsessed with psychological thrillers?, The Times of India, September 15, 2019 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/o-zone/why-are-we-obsessed-with-psychological-thrillers/# Accessed April 2024 Girish Dutt Shukla, Psychological Thrillers and why are they so intriguing?, December 5, 2022 https://girishduttshukla.com/blog/psychological-thrillers-and-why-are-they-so-intriguing/ Accessed April 2024 Follow the author Prisha on Instagram @prishaaa_m

by Milica Filipovic The 2010s are defined by many significant advancements: new technology, new social media, new music, and of course, new movies. Specifically, the market for dystopian films reached its peak in the span of that decade. With famous franchises such as The Maze Runner, The Hunger Games, and Divergent, this era not only began society’s hyperfixation with dystopian tales but also skyrocketed the standards for book to screen adaptations. It’s no coincidence this genre became so popular; there are several factors that contributed to its triumph. The majority of dystopian films in these periods were based on pre-existing books. Alongside the aforementioned well-known movies laid more famous examples of Ready Player One and The Giver. Part of the reason why these screen adaptations did so well was because they already had large fan bases that would watch. This ensured wide audiences upon their initial release. Once the films came out, it seemed as though they would never stop with the undeniable achievements produced such as an abundance of MTV awards and People’s Choice Awards for films across the genre. Both readers and new viewers were pleased and spread the word. It was clear that the film industry knew how to tweak these stories to draw in both old and new audiences. What these movies accomplished that was remarkable for their time was providing audiences with exciting stories that followed up on themes of injustice and social conflicts. These issues were brought to light through escalated circumstances and complex characters. A great example of this would be the ever successful Hunger Games series. Put simply, these films follow a young woman living in an oppressive environment as she fights for her survival against harsh conditions put in place by the government to assert control. The movies have an entertaining storyline of sacrifice and justice while dealing with the various consequences of each characters’ actions in this system. The plot parallels situations we can see in our history of war as well as warning of what our future could hold. By bringing these issues into the public eye, viewers were forced to face the realities of how our own world is flawed and unfair. Not only did these stories confront heavy topics, they were being catered to young adult audiences between the ages of 12-18. Younger viewers were being exposed to real world issues through simplistic and entertaining narratives. This is what ultimately made these films so successful. Aside from the reasons listed above, the cinematography seen in each of these films was a result of the dozens of new innovations emerging at the time. With the continuing improvement of CGI and green screen technology, these movies were able to immerse the audience in new worlds and surroundings. This contributed to holding the attention of the viewers for the long streaming periods of these films that usually ranged over 2 hours long. The overall downfall of dystopia started once it became so mass-produced that audiences grew tired and bored of the same storyline being repeated in different ways. Towards the end of these popular series, the viewer numbers slowly shrunk. This was obvious with the Divergent series when the fourth film was canceled following the low earnings of the previous installment. Many of the movies still hold a special spot in people’s hearts as nostalgic media. We have even seen a mini revival of dystopian content with the release of the Hunger Games prequel: The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes. Although it is unlikely that this means dystopia will ever reach the same rates it did back in the 2010s, the films produced will always be around. We can see the effects they’ve had on both the film and book industry as well as society as a whole. These films are something to be cherished for the love and action that emerged with them. Their stories live inside us all and the lessons they’ve taught us will never leave.

by Tatum Bunker Activism is the act of bringing attention to political, environmental, or social causes, but can be hard to get people to be interested about it. One of the most popular ways people bring attention to these causes is through literature. People use their writing skills to advocate for these causes because writing invokes people’s hearts and minds when reading. Writing is able to raise awareness, foster empathy, and even inspire action. Books are known to have had historical and contemporary impacts on societal attitudes and behaviors. In this article, we’ll cover various activists and how they used their writing platforms to write about the causes they believe so strongly in, the different kinds of literary activism, and books that have activist themes. While this is just a brief summary of activism found in literature, I hope this will inspire you to read and write some of your own. When the Thirteen Colonies were struggling with their relationship with Great Britain, Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet titled Common Sense. Common Sense advocated for independence from Great Britain, encouraging people to rally and fight for freedom. Another example is from the Women’s Suffrage movement in England. Charlotte Brontë wrote Jane Eyre, a book laced with themes of sexism, classism, and feminism. In the late 1800s, reporter Nelly Fly, pretended to be ‘hysterical’ in order to infiltrate a mental asylum to document the horrific treatments of the patients within. After exiting the facility, she wrote about her experience and quickly caused an uproar as many were not aware of these treatments. Other popular books that brought attention to social and political issues include Animal Farm, Lord of the Flies, Of Mice and Men–just to name a few. Animal Farm focuses on the social class struggle, the abuse of power, and the ideas of freedom. It brings awareness to how easily people can become corrupt and warns the readers about totalitarianism. Lord of the Flies is similar in the aspect that it follows totalitarianism and the derogatory effects of power. Of Mice and Men shows the horrible treatment of minorities and the preference of monetary needs over worker’s needs. It’s not just historical fiction that can be activism books either. Books such as The Hunger Games, The Giver, and Ender’s Game are dystopian books that have activist themes as well. These authors write the extremes in order to give us a fictional example of how dangerous these ideals can become situations that happen to us. If you are active in the literary world, you would know that there is a large list of banned books’ across the world. You may recognize some of these well known titles: Harry Potter, To Kill a Mockingbird, The Hate U Give, The Perks of Being a Wallflower, and Looking For Alaska. The books on this list are works that have been banned in different parts of the world either currently or were once banned due to political, social, or environmental aspects. Different political leaders and governments wanted to keep these ideas away from their citizens to ensure they don’t have revolutionary thoughts, hence the totalitarian systems that were mentioned in those novels. Even across the United States, there are school board meetings about the banning of books in certain schools. Concerned parents and other citizens often demand the removal of books that go against their beliefs, hence destroying the ideals of our freedom of speech. Just as people are working to remove certain books from our children’s libraries, others are working to add specific content to public access. As someone who frequents the poetry community, I’ve noticed a large increase of poetry covering current social and political injustices. People are using what they’re good at in order to bring attention to something that means a lot to them. A lot of writers have large social platforms that they use in order to show their followers and mutuals what they believe should change. In order to stand up for what we believe in and to make a change, we can use our skills and interest to advocate. As writers, we have the power to use our writing skills to bring attention to various events and situations that we want to be changed for the better. We are able to educate our readers and show them what they can do to help through writing. Engaging with activist literature and supporting activist authors can promote their works to others who may simply be scrolling through their feeds and introduce them to these issues. Books and other works of literature have such a large potential to inspire meaningful changes in our society and across the world. It’s simple, really. Just start writing. If you’re interested in checking out more activist literature, I would like to direct you to: Split the Rock: a collection of activist poetry Banned Books List: an expanding list of all the books banned across the world Words With Weight: a literary magazine based around social justice Follow Tatum @tatum_tot24601 and at her literary magazine @thelettershomecollection

by Sunny Solaris Featured in our latest interview, we have Sumo, a past contributor to RTS. Their pieces "Schadenfreude" and "Caged spark within" were published in issue iii: kindle the flame and issue vi: dreams of a caged bird respectively. You can check out our previous issues to read their work. Our interviewer Sunny sat down with Sumo to chat about their work, association with RTS, and their goals with respect to writing. Sunny: Hi Sumo! First up, why don't we get  a small introduction from you to start off with? Sumo: So, Hi! I am Sumo! And I am an aspiring author and a poetess from India. I love to write (obviously), write lyrics for songs, play my ukulele and dance (but only when I’m alone in the house🤭). I post my poetry on Instagram quite often, and am soon going to be a published author! I love to submit to magazines as well, like I did to my favourite youth magazine of all time, Rewrite the Stars Review! Oh wow! It feels heart-warming  to know that RTS is your favourite youth magazine. So, what was the experience like, having your work published by us? How did you feel? It was a great experience, largely because it was the first time I had ever submitted to a magazine. It's also why I was also a bit afraid of getting rejected. But the best thing about this magazine is that they respond and care for all their contributors. I submitted two poems and one of them was accepted, but the editors sent a detailed review of the other one! Funnily enough, the piece I thought was better was rejected. The editors gave feedback on how I could improve, which definitely helped me soften the rough edges of my writing. Secondly the designs [of the issues] are so alluring and catchy! Definitely the place I’d want to see my poems published🤩 The issues have been so varied and different. These kinds of themes push you to write about different things and ponder random topics that you never thought you would write poems about. For instance, the next issue is about games! Isn’t that wonderful? We do say that no one rejects you better than we do. What was the process of writing your submission? As I mentioned before, the themes were highly varied, and very fun and deep to think about. They always compelled me to think further than I thought I could. The third issue, for instance, was about fire. And I couldn't think of anything related to it until it hit me, that a fire burns in all of us, and if it is not reflected within the sky of our conscience, it keeps burning and turns into a forest fire. That was something that pushed me to learn more, and I found the word Schadenfreude which inspired my submission. Similarly, I submitted my pieces for many other themes, like Jabberwocky, which was my absolute favourite,  but sadly, that piece wasn't accepted. Recently, I submitted to issue six, (with a literary write-up) about a little spark that ignites and keeps inspiring others. Even though it may not enlighten the whole wide world, it will still reach out to some souls; what more could a writer desire? These themes are so well thought out; they always lead me down thought-rabbit-holes that inspire me to write about my feelings. With some editing and more thinking, we have a poem ready at our disposal! Why did you choose to submit to Rewrite the Stars Magazine? I am a great fan of [the founder and Editor-in-Chief], Smrithi and so I viewed the magazine’s work; I was mesmerised by its design and the feel of it. I loved it immediately and when I saw I could submit my work there, I decided to do it right away and yay! I am so glad I did! Do you have any tips for people who want to submit to literary magazines? That's a tough question, because I haven't had much experience. I only have submitted to RTS, and to some other (magazines), from where I’ve been rejected. But still, my advice would be to keep doing it. Even though you are still learning how to write, and the magazines might want something more mature, still, keep submitting and trying! That's what I am doing and it keeps me busy and engaged! Of course! You should never give up,  I am pretty sure I’m not the only one to appreciate such a persevering and optimistic attitude. While we are on the topic of never giving up, do tell us if  you were expecting to get chosen the second time you submitted to our magazine ? I didn't. I thought the poem was too vague, and doubted whether I articulated the message enough for the reader to understand. But I was so happy when I was selected again! Coming to your pieces, I have a question about Schadenfreude – what was your inspiration for that piece? What made you specifically choose this word? I was so curious about the feeling of unrequited love: they can't feel anything sour about the intended person. The feeling really lured me in and I strove to know more about it. When I start to write about something, it clears up the confusion in my head. It's like there's a curled-up woollen ball-like idea in my head and to string it out, I have to turn it into poetry. I don’t know if I am the only one who feels like that, but I wanted to write about this feeling to understand it better. I then learnt more about the psychological perspective since I am in that field. I kept this word as the core of the poem and hence, it became the title. This kind of love is not always romantic, it may even spring in different kinds of human relationships. For instance, when one longs for love and appreciation from their loved one, but it is not reciprocated. It kills them but they let it. I saw in your introduction that you’re a songwriter. Yes! Or at least, I’m learning to be one. I mostly write songs in Hindi (a whole album is also in preparation! I only need to find good musicians to compose them). I am learning songwriting from masterclasses and online courses. Maybe I can become a lyricist - fingers crossed! Do you find that writing poems often helps with songwriting? It’s always been the opposite for me, so I’m curious to see how others find it. Definitely! Lyrics are, in a way, poems that are set in rhythm and written keeping the beats and structure in mind. Maybe you are more well-versed in musical ability,  than writing, which is amazing!! I have struggled with songwriting, because I tend to write in open verses. Songs need to be in a specific structure and a lot needs to be said in very little amount of words, so that's a bit difficult for me. Yes, definitely. People do say some of the best lyricists are poets. Well, you mentioned that you will be a published author soon. Would you like to divulge about your upcoming book, maybe entice readers with some details? I would love to! I am so bad at marketing my work, but yeah I would want to market it as much as I can so as to bring the poems to the intended niche. Well, you have the opportunity now! You can go ahead, we are all ears! So my book's name is 'Little, Oh Little', and it's a poetry collection about all the little things that matter in life. We see them, yet unsee them. 'The magic is in the little things' is what I believe and so I want to spread that message through the little poems I have woven, in a little effort for the spark to fly! Sounds interesting, I am sure that everyone is looking forward to reading it as much as I am. Thank you so much for taking time to sit down and have such a delightful chat with us! Thank you so much too! It was so much fun talking to you! I’m looking forward to more conversations like this :)

by Prisha When you think about flowers, what is the first thought that comes to mind? Throughout history and literature, flowers have been strongly associated with symbolic meanings. As Ophelia’s speech in Hamlet accentuates the symbolism of various types of flowers. “There's rosemary, that's for remembrance; pray you, love, remember. And there is pansies, that's for thoughts. ... There's fennel for you, and columbines. There's rue for you; and here's some for me. We may call it herb of grace o' Sundays. Oh, you must wear your rue with a difference. There's a daisy. I would give you some violets, but they wither'd all when my father died." A more rueful example would be in novels like “The Bell Jar” or poems like  “Why I Like the Hospital”, that illustrate how flowers that are given with so much love and hope are so callously disposed of, in a waste basket that resembles a coffin.The ignorance of life, where you get more flowers at your funeral then you ever did alive. When each petal falls it symbolises our short life, each withering petal resembling a part of us that we just give away to people never to be spoken to again, dying a slow death everyday. Anemones are perceived as the ‘flower of death’ in Persia and Egypt and their literal meaning being ‘forsaken’. There are various mythological tales that are entwined with anemones, one being that in Greek mythology, it means “daughter of the wind” as a beautiful nymph got caught up in a love tangle. A wind god called Zephyr fell in love with her, but when his wife found out she banished the nymph from their court and turned her into a flower. Another wind god called Boreas fell in love with her, in her flower form. After being rejected by her every spring he angrily blows open her petals, fading them prematurely. Another myth has anemones springing up from where Venus wept over the body of her lover, Adonis, as he lay bleeding to death from a boar wound. Venus cursed love itself, and it is said the body of Adonis melted like vapour leaving behind drops of blood that is said to give some anemones their red colour. Similar to the language of flowers, Hanahaki is a mythical disease in which the victim coughs up flower petals when suffering from unrequited love. The petals and flowers of the plant grow in the victim’s lungs, and eventually grow large enough to render breathing impossible. Hanahaki can be cured through surgical removal of the plants' roots, but this excision also has the effect of removing the patient's capacity for romantic love. It may also erase the patient's feelings for and memories of the enamoured. It can also be cured by the reciprocation of the victim's feelings. These feelings cannot be feelings of friendship but must be feelings of genuine love. The victim may also develop Hanahaki Disease if they ‘believe’ the love to be one-sided but once the enamoured returns the feelings, they will be cured. In some literature other symptoms can be fever, uncontrollable shaking, loss of appetite, low body temperature, and hallucinations. Even after curing, with or without surgery, there can be irreversible damage to the lungs and, although very rare, in some cases the disease cannot be cured. Flowers, which are often perceived as a symbol of love, happiness, prosperity, have now turned into something so hauntingly beautiful, symbolising the ‘beginning of death’. It kills so beautifully that one does not even realise what is happening, taking dying for you to another level. The power of something so fragile, so mesmerising, leaving a trail of petals in the crimson stains. Follow the author Prisha @prishaaa_m on Instagram for more!

by Carina For years, there has been a debate over whether audiobooks and e-books are as good as physical copies. I believe audiobooks and e-books are just as good as physical books, and in some situations even better. In this article, I will explain why I believe this and address some conflicting arguments. First of all, let’s talk about audiobooks. Two of the biggest reasons for reading a book are to absorb information or be entertained. Audiobooks do both of these things and often make it easier. For example, some people don’t have the time to take hours and read a book. But with audiobooks, they can enjoy a book while performing their daily tasks, much like listening to music while you work. Studies show audiobooks can even aid with comprehension. Additionally, audiobooks can help you imagine and understand what’s happening using tone and speech patterns. Audiobooks are also a great resource for visually impaired and blind people, who wouldn’t be able to read a physical or e-book. Finally, audiobooks help the environment by providing a resource for readers that avoids using excess paper. Now, let’s discuss e-books. One of the largest benefits of e-books is how convenient they are. Because e-books are digital, they never run out of stock. Furthermore, e-books take up much less space than paperback books because they can all be saved onto one device. Another great benefit of e-books is that they’re typically less expensive than physical copies. E-books even have some similarities to physical copies. For example, you can annotate most e-books like you would with a normal book. Additionally, e-books typically give you the ability to change the font size and style, which can help those who would have trouble reading paperback books. Similarly to audiobooks, e-books can be beneficial to the environment because they don’t use excess paper. Some say you can’t share audiobooks and e-books like you could with a physical copy. Although it can be more difficult, many resources offer family and joint accounts. For example, Amazon offers a Household Library which allows you to share audiobooks across devices with another person. Some resources also offer share options so you can enjoy your digital books with family and friends. This method of sharing can also be beneficial to those who aren’t able to share books in person. Another popular argument is that reading digitally causes eye strain. But for some, both e-books and physical books can cause eye strain. However, e-books can even prevent eye strain when they allow you to adjust font sizes and styles. Audiobooks also prevent eye strain, because you are listening to a story instead of reading it! One more point others make is that audiobooks and e-books don’t give you the same experience of feeling and interacting with a book that paperback books do. Some people have solved this problem by reading a physical book or e-book while listening to an audiobook. This allows you to annotate and interact with the book, while having all the benefits of an audiobook. Additionally, many e-books let you turn pages and annotate like a physical copy. In some cases, interacting with e-books can even be better than paperbacks, because of all their extra features. In conclusion, audiobooks and e-books are just as good, and sometimes even better than paperback books. They even have some similarities that can provide solutions to conflicting arguments and concerns. I hope this article has shown you how beneficial digital books can be, and has convinced you to invest in them. References Bradshaw, Janssen. “Two Studies about the Benefits of Audiobooks.” Everyday Reading, 26 June 2020, everyday-reading.com/benefits-of-audiobooks/. Accessed Mar. 2024. Mcmaken, Linda. “E-Books vs. Print Books: Which Should You Choose?” Investopedia, 30 Dec. 2023, www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0812/e-books-vs.-print-books.aspx#. Accessed Mar. 2024. Harman, Mike. “EBooks vs. Printed Books: Which Is Better?” Kitaboo, 8 Mar. 2024, kitaboo.com/ebooks-vs-printed-books-which-is-better/. Accessed Mar. 2024. “Reading vs. Listening to Books - Is One Really Better?” Headway, 4 Jan. 2023, makeheadway.com/blog/audiobooks-vs-reading/. Accessed Mar. 2023.